Polyadenylic acid (also known as poly(A), poly(A) carrier or carrier RNA) is a synthetic homopolymer composed of a long single-stranded (100-500 kDa) sequence of adenine (A) nucleotides available in lyophilized form. Its charge, shape and ability to residue-stack is modulated by solvent composition. It is structurally identical to poly(A) tails,...
17
Feb
What are Organolithium Compounds? Organolithium compounds (RLi) are organometallic compounds that contain carbon – lithium bonds. Unlike Grignard reagents which inserts between the carbon and halide bond, Lithium replaces the halide to form organolithium, forming a stronger partial negative charge on the carbon. Organolithium reagents act as good “nucleophilic carbons”...
17
Feb
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17
Feb
The Finkelstein reaction uses acetone and a metal halide salt to exchange the halogen atom of an alkyl halide for another halogen atom via an SN2 reaction. The substituted metal halide being less soluble than the original metal halide in acetone (Le Chatelier’s principle) drives the reaction forward. Reagents: Acetone,...
17
Feb
The Eschenmoser-Claisen rearrangement uses heat to produce an γ,δ-unsaturated amide from an allylic alcohol and N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal. First N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal loses a methoxide ion to make an iminium ion, which is attacked by the allylic alcohol. Formation of a second iminium ion, followed by a proton abstraction, results...
17
Feb
The Heck reaction produces a substituted alkene by cross-coupling the alkene with an organohalide in the presence of catalytic palladium. Oxidative addition of the alkyl or aryl halide to the palladium is followed by a syn migratory insertion of the alkene. Bond rotation facilitates a syn β-hydride elimination, and a...
