FM 2.0 Fluorescent Dye Series
Long-term Plasma Membrane Imaging Dyes
Introduction
The FM 2.0 fluorescent dye series currently comprises a suite of five distinct products, such as FM2.0 Green, FM2.0 Orange, FM2.0 Red, CFM2.0 Red, and FM2.0 NIR, each with varying emission wavelengths. These dyes belong to a class of lipophilic styrenic fluorophores that are widely used for prolonged and selective labeling of cell membranes in living cells of plants and animals, as well as for dynamic tracking of membrane-associated cellular physiological processes.
Product Features
The FM 2.0 fluorescent dye series inherits and enhances the capabilities of the FM 1.0 series dyes (e.g., FM 1-43, RH 414, FM 5-90, FM 4-64) while addressing their limitations in imaging cytoplasmic membranes, such as short imaging times and rapid internalization during cell staining. This allows for extended and high-specificity cytoplasmic membrane staining, enabling targeted imaging times of up to 2-6 hours or even longer, which expands practical application scenarios. The FM 2.0 series is widely used for labeling the membrane structures of living cells, including applications such as high-resolution 3D imaging of plant tissues, dynamic tracing of cell membrane morphology during apoptosis, tracking of cell membrane dynamics during cell fusion and division, real-time monitoring of cell membrane morphological changes in plant root cells under environmental stress, construction and study of foam cell models, etc. Additionally, the FM 2.0 series is also applicable for labeling and analyzing the membrane structures of living cells, as well as for tracking, identifying, and monitoring foam cell models.
Products
Demonstrations
① FM2.0 Green dye, characterized by its minimal interference with chlorophyll autofluorescence, enables extended duration imaging of cell membranes across a wide array of plant tissues. This fluorometric approach also facilitates real-time monitoring of dynamic membrane morphological changes in plants subjected to various external environmental stress conditions.
Fig 1. Fluorescent Molecular Imaging with FM2.0 Green Enables Extended Duration Visualization of Arabidopsis Root Cells
Fig 2. Confocal images of diverse leave cells of Arabidopsis stained with FM2.0 Green
Fig 3. (A) Dual-channel confocal images of Arabidopsis guard cells and chloroplasts stained with FM2.0 Green.
Red channel: autofluorescence of chlorophyll; green channel: FM2.0 Green. (B) Leaf images of Arabidopsis defence cells and chloroplasts stained with FM 1-43.
② The FM2.0 Red dye enables extended duration imaging of onion cell membranes, allowing for precise visualization of dynamic changes in vessel wall dynamics and tracking calcium-induced programmed cell death. This advanced fluorescent probe is particularly useful for achieving high spatio-temporal resolution in 3D imaging of individual cells, complex tissues, and even whole-body systems.
Fig 1. Laser scanning confocal microscopy images of onion epidermal cells stained with FM2.0 Red at different time points.
Fig 2. Laser scanning confocal microscopy images of onion epidermis stained with FM2.0 Red at different time points during calcium-mediated apoptosis.
Fig 3. 3D images of onion epidermal cells labelled with FM2.0 Red at different angles (top), and 3D images of onion epidermal cells with the plasma membrane partially detached from the cell wall (bottom).
③ The CFM2.0 Red dye enables extended duration imaging of plant and animal cell membranes, facilitating dynamic monitoring of cytoplasmic membrane integrity and the tracking of key intracellular processes like cell fusion and division. This advanced fluorescent probe supports high spatio-temporal resolution, enabling detailed visualization of subcellular compartments and molecular interactions with minimal phototoxicity under multiphotonic excitation.
Fig 1. Confocal images of Arabidopsis roots stained with CFM2.0 Red.
Fig 2. Real-time monitoring of DMSO-induced plasma membrane damage using CFM2.0 Red.
Fig 3. Dynamic tracking of cellular events using CFM2.0 Red. (a-f) Cell division of HEK293T cells, (g-l) cell fusion of CRBC cells.
Fig 4. Co-localisation of CFM2.0 Red and lipofuscin C. elegans for tracing lipofuscin content during different growth periods.
④ The FM2.0 Orange dye enables extended duration imaging of Arabidopsis cell membranes, minimizing interference from chlorophyll-based autofluorescence while facilitating three-dimensional dynamic visualization with high spatial and temporal resolution for living plants.
Fig 1. Confocal images of Arabidopsis seedling root cells stained with FM2.0 Orange in a long-term way.
Fig 2. Laser scanning confocal microscopy images of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf epidermal cells stained with FM2.0 Orange without the interference from autofluorescence of chloroplast.
Fig 3. 3D tracking of individual organs of Arabidopsis thaliana at different developmental stages using FM2.0 Orange staining.
⑤ FM2.0 NIR dye enables extended duration imaging of animal cell membranes and allows for the monitoring of cell membrane dynamics during cellular death.
Fig 1. Confocal imaging of HeLa cells stained at different time points using FM2.0 NIR.
Fig 2. Dynamic tracing of morphological changes in cell membranes during cell death using FM2.0 NIR.
References
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向阳 翟
