FM series fluorescent dyes include FM 1-43, FM 2-10, FM 5-95, and FM 4-64. They are a type of lipophilic styrene fluorescent dyes that are non-toxic to cells and are mainly used for living cell membranes, especially plant samples. Specific labeling of cell membranes, tracer imaging of neuronal cells, and tracking of vesicle-related biological processes such as endocytosis and exocytosis [1-13].

The FM series of fluorescent dyes have good water solubility and do not emit light in aqueous solutions. However, when combined with cell membranes and similar membrane structures, they emit bright fluorescence and are widely used for dye labeling of living cell membrane structures, especially plant samples. Compared with other cell membrane dyes, it has the advantages of high specificity, uniform staining and bright signal.

The FM series of fluorescent dyes can also track and label neuronal cells through fluorescent signals. In neurons that actively release neurotransmitters, the dyes will be internalized in recyclable protruding vesicles, so that the ends of neuronal cells are labeled, which can be used to study nerves. related physiological processes.

Taking FM 1-43 as an example, FM 1-43 fluorescent dye can be used for highly specific imaging of membrane structures in plant cells, including root tip cells of onion (Figure 1), tobacco (Figure 2), rice, Arabidopsis and other plants. High-definition imaging of cell membranes of various cells such as , leaf epidermal cells, etc.

Figure 1 Laser confocal imaging of onion epidermal cells stained with FM 1-43

Figure 2 Laser confocal imaging of tobacco leaf epidermal cells stained with FM 1-43

Reference:

(103) Jiaqi Zuo, Engao Zhu, Wenjing Yin, Changye Yao, Jiajia Liao, Xinni Ping, Yuqing Zhu, Xuting Cai, Yuchun Rao, Hui Feng, Kewei Zhang*, Zhaosheng Qian*. Long-term spatiotemporal and highly specific imaging of the plasma membrane of diverse plant cells using a near-infrared AIE probe. Chem. Sci., 2023, 14, 2139−2148.

(102) Zuping Xiong, Wenqi Gong, Pengfei Xu, Mengyi Jiang, Xuting Cai, Yuqing Zhu, Xinni Ping, Hui Feng, Huili Ma*, Zhaosheng Qian*. Reexamining the heavy-atom effect: the universal heavy-atom-induced fluorescence enhancement principle for through-space conjugated AIEgens. Chem. Eng. J., 2023, 451, 139030. 

(101) Xuting Cai, Zuping Xiong, Jiale Zhan, Xinni Ping, Yuqing Zhu, Jiaqi Zuo, Hui Feng, Zhaosheng Qian*. Dramatic emission enhancement of aggregation-induced emission luminogens by dynamic metal coordination bonds and the anti-heavy-atom effect. Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 10837−10840.

(100) Sidan Guo, Xuting Cai, Shasha Zhou, Qiaozhi Zhu, Hui Feng Zhaosheng Qian.* Rational design of state-depending photoactivatable and photoconvertible fluorescent AIEgens through a rapid photocyclodehydrogenation reaction. Dye. Pigm., 2022, 201, 110235.

(99) Xiaoxiao Zhang, Zhenni Wang, Hao Chu, Zuping Xiong, Yanjiang Li, Yi Chen, Qiaozhi Zhu, Hui Feng, Engao Zhu, Jin Zhou,* Peng Huang,* Zhaosheng Qian.* Antipermeability strategy to achieve extremely high specificity and ultralong imaging of diverse cell membranes based on restriction-induced emission of AIEgens. Anal. Chem., 2022, 94, 4048-4058.

(98) Zhenni Wang, Zuping Xiong, Weidong Liu, Qiaozhi Zhu, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Yuqing Ding, Chunyan Huang, Hui Feng, Kewei Zhang, Engao Zhu,* Zhaosheng Qian.* Esterase-activated precipitating strategy to achieve highly specific detection and long-term imaging of calcium ions by aggregation-induced phosphorescence probe. Anal. Chem., 2022, 94, 5406-5414.

(97) Xiang Hu, Ying Wang, Zuping Xiong, Pei Song, Ai-Jun Wang, Zhaosheng Qian, Pei-Xin Yuan,* Tiejun Zhao, Jiu-Ju Feng.* Novel aggregation-enhanced PEC photosensitizer based on electrostatic linkage of ionic liquid with protoporphyrin IX for ultrasensitive detection of Molt-4 cells. Anal. Chem., 2022, 94, 3708-3717.

(96) Jianfei Kan, Xiaonan Zhou, Yanyan Sun, Liyuan Sun, Hao Chu, Zhaosheng Qian,* Jin Zhou.* Molecular engineering and biomedical applications of ultra-sensitive fluorescent probe for Ag+. Chin. Chem. Lett., 2021, 32, 3066-3070.

(95) Zuping Xiong, Zhenni Wang, Longxiang Liu, Mengyi Jiang, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Qiaozhi Zhu, Hui Feng, Zhaosheng Qian.* Breaking classic heavy-atom effect to achieve heavy-atom-induced dramatic emission enhancement of silole-based AIEgens with through-bond and through space conjugation. Adv. Optical Mater., 2021, 9, 2101228.

(94) Riqing Ding, Ke Qin, Huili Sun, Shasha Zhou, Sidan Guo, Hui Feng Huili Ma,* Zhaosheng Qian.* Endowing nitro-compounds with bright and stimuli-responsive luminescence based on propeller-like AIEgens. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, 9, 12177-12183.

(93) Zuping Xiong, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Longxiang Liu, Qiaozhi Zhu, Zhenni Wang, Hui Feng Zhaosheng Qian.* Achieving highly efficient aggregation-induced emission, reversible and irreversible photochromism by heavy halogen-regulated photophysics and D-A molecular pattern-controlled photochemistry of through-space conjugated luminogens. Chem. Sci., 2021, 12, 10710-10723. (Cover paper)

(92) Shasha Zhou, Sidan Guo, Weidong Liu, Riqing Ding, Huili Sun, Jianrong Chen, Zhaosheng Qian, Hui Feng.* Wavelength-dependent multicolor photochromism and fluorescence switching based on an AIE-active skeleton by regulating the conjugation of the photoactive unit. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, 9, 8249-8257.

(91) Jie Zhang, Jianfei Kan, Yanyan Sun, Miae Won, Ji Hyeon Kim, Weifen Zhang, Jin Zhou,* Zhaosheng Qian, Jong Seung Kim.* Nanoliposomal ratiomeric fluorescent probe toward ONOO- flux. ACS Appl. Bio Mater., 2021, 4, 2080-2088.

(90) Mengru Wei, Hangqi Zhong, Jin Zhou, Weidong Liu, Wenbin Xi, Pengfei Xu, Qianqian Qiu, Zhaosheng Qian, Hui Feng.* A phosphorescence “turn-on” probe for the detection and imaging of Al3+ based on aggregation-induced emission. Talanta, 2020, 219, 121298.

Dr. Qian Zhaosheng, professor, "Double Dragon Scholar" Distinguished Professor, doctoral supervisor, winner of the Zhejiang Provincial Outstanding Youth Fund, and senior member of the Chinese Chemical Society. Currently, he is mainly engaged in the design, synthesis and precise imaging applications of new molecular fluorescent probes targeting cellular substructures, as well as research on super-resolution imaging applications based on molecular fluorescence switch systems. He has presided over and completed a number of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Funds, including the National Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund, general projects, and the Zhejiang Provincial Distinguished Youth Fund. He has participated in two National Natural Science Foundation general projects and several Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Funds, and has presided over and completed 1 project. Horizontal project; has published more than 110 papers in international academic journals such as "Journal of American Chemical Society" and "Chemical Science", including 2 highly cited papers and 5 articles selected as cover articles, h -index 40, the highest number of citations for a single article is 395, and the total number of citations is nearly 5,300. Won the third prize of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Award in 2017, the "Publons Peer Review Award" in the chemistry discipline in 2018, and was selected into the 2021 ranking of the world's top 100,000 scientists and the world's top 100,000 scholars in academic influence in 2022 and 2023. Ranking list.