-- J&K Scientific exclusively offers two monomers developed by Prof. Yin. The fossil resources derived 4,4’-biphenyldicarboxylic acid is a significant monomer in polymer industry [1]. However, its production route is lengthy and dirty with low selectivity, and the corresponding polymers are also poorly biodegradable. In view of increasing concerns about...

The Mitsunobu reaction uses triphenylphosphine (PPh3) and diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) to convert a 1° or 2° alcohol into a wide variety of final products, dependent on the mildly acidic nucleophile (H-Nuc) used. H-Nuc transfers its proton to the zwitterionic adduct formed from PPh3 attacking the DEAD. The resulting phosphonium intermediate...

Negishi cross coupling The use of organozinc reagents in the Negishi (Pd- or Ni-catalyzed) cross-coupling reaction with organohalides allows for a much greater functional group tolerance than in the Kumada cross-coupling reaction. Other benefits include high reactivity, high regio- and stereoselectivity, few side reactions and little toxicity. Unlike the addition...

Perkin Reaction Generating α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids (cinnamic acid derivatives) in the presence of a weak base from aromatic aldehydes with the anhydrides of aliphatic carboxylic acids is known as the Perkin reaction. An enolate intermediate is made from the anhydride, which undergoes a condensation reaction with benzaldehyde, followed by an...

Popular since the early 1900s, the 1,4-addition of Michael donors to activated π-systems (called Michael acceptors) to form new C-C bonds is known as the Michael addition or reaction. With the help of a base, the donor is converted to an enolate ion, which attacks the Michael acceptor. When a...

The Mukaiyama aldol reaction uses a catalytic Lewis acid (e.g. TiCl4) or base, and an aqueous work-up to convert an aldehyde and an E- or Z-enol silane to an anti- and/or syn-diastereomer 1,3-ketol. The aldehyde is activated for nucleophilic attack when it coordinates to the Lewis acid, releasing a chloride...